Journal of Green Technology and Environment

Editorial Note for the Second Issue of the Journal of Green Technology and Environment in 2023

Emre Birinci — 2023-12-24

Technology is the application of academic knowledge to practical needs. Green technologies help to reduce the impact of the application of technology to functional requirements on the environment and create sustainable development pathways. One of the most important causes of environmental pollution is waste disposal. With green technology, waste generation can be transformed and greened in a way that does not harm the planet. Possible areas where new technologies are expected to be developed in this context include green energy, organic agriculture, environmentally friendly textiles, green building construction, and the production of related products and materials to support green business. This way, future generations can benefit from green technologies without harming the planet. Journal of GreenTech focuses on the development and dissemination of green technologies. For this reason, the Editorial Board of the Journal of GreenTech has reached a consensus that multidisciplinary academic studies in the fields of green technology and environment should be evaluated in the Journal of GreenTech.

The second issue of the Journal of GreenTech for 2023 contains a total of six research articles. The first article was written by Ayata. In this study, researchers heat-treated ten different tropical woods at 200°C and examined the changes in their physical properties. Narlıoğlu wrote the second article. In the related article, the author investigated the effect of chemical modification on FTIR crystallinity indexes in oak wood. The chemical modification method basically extends the service life of the wood material and improves some physical, mechanical, and biological properties. This will ensure that wood is preferred over plastic materials, which are used extensively today and take millions of years to recycle. In the Journal of GreenTech, the study conducted by Demirel and Sivrikaya was listed in third place. In this study, various evaluations and mapping were made in order to determine the temporal and spatial changes in land use/land cover between 1999-2011 in Inebolu Forestry Enterprise located in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey and to reveal the reasons for these changes using Geographic Information Systems. The fourth article was conducted by Peker, Ayata and Çamlıbel. In this article, the researchers investigated the changes in surface roughness parameters and shore D hardness value of okan (Cylicodiscus gabu-nensis [Taub.] Harms) wood, which is used in many countries in areas such as park/garden furniture, carving and turning. The fifth and last article of the issue was conducted by Bakırcı, Polat and Özdemir. The need for renewable and clean energy is highlighted in detail in this successful research paper. In order to increase the efficiency of wind turbines, HAD analysis of the NACA 4412 airfoil, which can be used in small-scale wind turbine design, was performed.

It is thought that this issue, which includes studies carried out by valuable scientists, will attract the attention of researchers and readers in different disciplines.

2023-12-24

Table of Contents

Effect of Heat Treatment at 200 Degrees on Shore D Hardness Values of Wood Materials of Some Tropical Tree Species

Hüseyin Peker — 2023-12-24

The application of heat treatment leads to various changes in wood properties (mechanical, chemical, physical, biological, surface, etc.). In this study, changes in shore D hardness tests following heat treatment at 200°C for 3 h were determined for wood species including ako (Antiaris toxicaria), amarillo (Centrolobium patinense), angelim amargosa (Vataireopsis araroba (Aguiar) Ducke), onzabili / angongui (Antrocaryon klaineanum), bosse (Guarea cedrata), burkea (Burkea africana), keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), mangga (Mangifera odorata), niangon (Tarrietia utilis), and rode sali (Tetragastris altissima). According to the results, variance analyses were found to be significant. When looking at the rate of decrease obtained, it is observed that for onzabili / angongui it is 16.63%, for ako it is 8.96%, for amarillo it is 10.47%, for bosse it is 26.76%, for angelim amargosa it is 7.00%, for burkea it is 7.11%, for mangga it is 11.33%, for keruing it is 10.03%, for niangon it is 10.53%, and for rode sali it is 13.01%. Decreases in wood species were identified after heat treatment.

Effect of Oak Wood Modification on FTIR Crystallinity Indexes

Nasır Narlıoğlu — 2023-12-24

Chemical modification of wood is one of the preservation methods that have been used for a long time to protect wooden materials against pests such as fungi and insects and to extend their service life. During the chemical modification of wood, there is a change in the structure of the wood due to the effects of chemicals and temperature. The cellulose molecule, which constitutes approximately half of wood or lignocellulosic materials, consists of an amorphous and crystalline structure. The crystal structure of cellulose varies depending on the type of plant it is obtained from, the age of the tree and the type of wood. In this study, oak wood was subjected to chemical modification with propionic anhydride and succinic anhydride in order to determine the effect of wood modification on FTIR crystallinity indexes. With propionic anhydride and succinic anhydride, the weight gains of wood were calculated as 4.47% and 38.08%, respectively. Crystallinity indexes were calculated by FTIR spectroscopy before and after the chemical modification of the wood. After the chemical modification process, changes in FTIR crystallinity indexes were observed. According to the FTIR crystallinity index results, the total crystallinity indexes increased.

Monitoring and Mapping Temporal and Spatial Land Use/Land Cover Change: A Case Study from Inebolu (Türkiye)

Döndü Demirel — 2023-12-24

Land use/land cover (LULC) change affects forest ecosystem health and ecosystem services, and therefore, identifying and monitoring LULC is essential for ecosystem continuity. This study aims to determine the temporal and spatial changes in land use/land cover between 1999 and 2011 in the Inebolu Forest Enterprise (FE) located in the Western Black Sea Region and to reveal the reasons for these changes using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results showed that the forest area increased by 9362.6 ha, and the productive forest area increased by 15333.4 ha between 1999 and 2011. It was predicted that the main reason for the increase in forest area was afforestation activities and population decreases due to migration from villages to cities. Rehabilitation studies can be recognized as a significant contribution to expanding productive forest areas. Additionally, it was determined that 2039.0 ha and 3607.2 ha of agricultural land were converted into CF and BF, respectively.

Determination of Shore D Hardness Value and Surface Roughness Parameters in Okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) Wood

Ümit Ayata — 2023-12-24

In this study, changes in surface roughness parameters (R_a, R_z and R_q) and the shore D hardness value of okan wood (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) used in various areas such as garden furniture and carving and turning, against different numbered sandpapers (80, 100, 120, 150, and 180) commonly used abroad, were investigated. According to the obtained results, variance analyses exhibited significant outcomes for all parameter values. R_a, R_z and R_q values showed a decreasing trend with an increase in sandpaper number. R_a values were found to be 8.806 µm for 80 grit, 7.335 µm for 100 grit, 6.186 µm for 120 grit, 5.290 µm for 150 grit, and 4.092 µm for 180 grits. Additionally, the hardness value was determined to be 73.80 HD.

Aerodynamic Analysis of NACA 4412 Airfoil with CFD for Small Scale Wind Turbine Design

Mehmet Bakırcı — 2023-12-24

With the increasing population in our country, the need for energy is increasing. Therefore, interest in renewable and clean energy matters in recent years. The wind turbine obtains electricity from wind energy, which is a renewable energy source. One of the elements affecting the yield of wind turbines is aerodynamic properties of airfoils. In this study, CFD analysis of NACA 4412 Airfoil which can be used in small scale wind turbine design was performed. Compared to literature, there were differences in the number of Reynolds due to the size difference of airfoil. Therefore, small deviations occurred in the aerodynamic properties of airfoil. Additionally, in this study, it was concluded that 15˚ angle of attack is the stall angle for NACA 4412 airfoil. It has been observed that as the angle of attack increases, the Reynolds number decreases and the drag coefficient value increases. In other words, it has been concluded that aerodynamic performance is negatively affected by increasing the drag coefficient value. As a result of the analyses, results consistent with the experimental studies were obtained.