Effect of Heat Treatment at 200 Degrees on Shore D Hardness Values of Wood Materials of Some Tropical Tree Species

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10156516

Keywords:

shore D hardness, heat treatment, wood material

Abstract

The application of heat treatment leads to various changes in wood properties (mechanical, chemical, physical, biological, surface, etc.). In this study, changes in shore D hardness tests following heat treatment at 200°C for 3 h were determined for wood species including ako (Antiaris toxicaria), amarillo (Centrolobium patinense), angelim amargosa (Vataireopsis araroba (Aguiar) Ducke), onzabili / angongui (Antrocaryon klaineanum), bosse (Guarea cedrata), burkea (Burkea africana), keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), mangga (Mangifera odorata), niangon (Tarrietia utilis), and rode sali (Tetragastris altissima). According to the results, variance analyses were found to be significant. When looking at the rate of decrease obtained, it is observed that for onzabili / angongui it is 16.63%, for ako it is 8.96%, for amarillo it is 10.47%, for bosse it is 26.76%, for angelim amargosa it is 7.00%, for burkea it is 7.11%, for mangga it is 11.33%, for keruing it is 10.03%, for niangon it is 10.53%, and for rode sali it is 13.01%. Decreases in wood species were identified after heat treatment.

References

G. N. Inari, M. Petrissans, J. Lambert, J. J. Ehrhardt, and P. Gerardin, “XPS characterization of wood chemical composition after heat‐treatment. Surface and Interface Analysis,” An International Journal devoted to the development and application of tech-niques for the analysis of surfaces, interfaces and thin films, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1336–1342, 2006.

J. M. Vidal, W. V. Evangelista, J. de Castro Silva, and I. P. Jankowsky, “Wood preservation in Brasil: historical, current scenario and trends,” Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 257–271, 2015.

B. Stefke, E. Windeisen, M. Schwanninger, and B. Hinterstoisser, “Determination of the weight percentage gain and of the Ace-tyl group content of Acetylated wood by means of different infrared spectroscopic methods,” Anal Chem, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1272–1279, 2008.

T. Koch, C. Bierögel, and S. Seidler, “Conventional Hardness Values-Introduction: Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts,” Polymer Solids and Polymer Melts-Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers, pp. 423–427, 2014.

M. Kutz, Handbook of materials selection. John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

A. Shore, “Apparatus for Measuring the Hardness of Materials,” 1770045, Jun. 08, 1930

A. Alavudeen, N. Venkateshwaran, and J. W. Jappes, A textbook of engineering materials and metallurgy. Firewall Media, 2006.

L. Coltro, J. B. Pitta, and E. Madaleno, “Performance evaluation of new plasticizers for stretch PVC films,” Polym Test, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 272–278, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.11.009.

P. Viitaniemi and S. Jämsä, “Modification of wood with heat treatment,” Finland, 1994.

A. J. Nunez, J. M. Kenny, M. M. Reboredo, M. I. Aranguren, and N. E. Marcovich, “Thermal and dynamic mechanical charac-terization of polypropylene-wood flour composites,” Polym Eng Sci, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 733–742, 2002.

D. Sandberg, P. Haller, and P. Navi, “Thermo-hydro and thermo-hydro-mechanical wood processing: An opportunity for future environmentally friendly wood products,” Wood Mater Sci Eng, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 64–88, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1080/17480272.2012.751935.

F. Shafizadeh, “Pyrolytic reactions and products of biomass,” in Fundamentals of thermochemical biomass conversion, New York: Elsevier, 1985, pp. 183–217.

S. L. LeVan, In Concise Encyclopedia of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. Scniewind, 1989.

R. M. Rowell, “Chemical Modification of Wood,” in Handbook of Engineering Biopolymers: Homopolymers, Blends and Com-posites, Cincinnati: Hanser Gardner Publications, 2007, pp. 673–691.

L. Reinprecht and Z. Vidholdová, Thermowood. Ostrava: Šmíra-print, 2011.

TS ISO 13061-1, (2021). Odunun fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri - Kusursuz küçük ahşap numunelerin deney yöntemleri - Bölüm 1: Fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler için nem muhtevasının belirlenmesi, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye

ASTM D 2240, (2010). Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness, American Society for Testing and Materi-als, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States

W. Grellmann and S. Seidler, “Part 3: Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers,” in Polymer Solids and Poly-mer Melts, vol. Subvolume A, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2014.

Ü. Ayata, “Sibirya’da iç ve dış mekânlarda kullanılan Sibirya çamı odununun yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametreleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.33725/mamad.911611.

Ü. Ayata, “Palo Santo odununda bazı yüzey özellikleri ve shore D sertlik değeri üzerine 200oC’de ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 39–46, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.33725/mamad.1280180.

Ü. Ayata and B. C. Bal, “Kopie, fukadi ve porsuk ağaç türlerinde renk, parlaklık ve shore D sertlik üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” in Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, 5. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, Nahçıvan , 2021, pp. 166–180.

Ü. Ayata and B. C. Bal, “200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş kırmızı karaağaç (Ulmus rubra) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerinin araştırılması,” in 5. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi , Sydney, 2021, pp. 258–270.

B. Esteves, S. Sahin, Ü. Ayata, I. Domingos, J. Ferreira, and L. Gürleyen, “Effect of heat treatment on shore-D hardness of some wood species,” Bioresources, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1482–1495, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.15376/biores.16.1.1482-1495.

M. Türk and Ü. Ayata, “Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi,” Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 166–173, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.33725/mamad.1005127.

M. Türk and Ü. Ayata, “200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş mor kalp ağacı odununda shore D sertlik değerinin ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametrelerinin incelenmesi,” Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 134–142, 2021.

G. Ulay and Ü. Ayata, “200 derecede ısıl işlem görmüş amaouk (Detarium macrocarpum) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerlerinin incelenmesi,” in 3. Uluslararası Karadeniz Modern Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, Samsun, 2023, pp. 670–678.

Türk, M., Ayata, Ü., (2021), Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 166-173, DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005127.

Hillis, W.E., (1984), High temperature and chemical effects on wood stability, Wood Science and Technology, 18(4), 281-293. DOI: 10.1007/BF00353364.

Downloads

Published

24.12.2023

How to Cite

Peker, H., Ayata, Ümit, & Çamlıbel, O. (2023). Effect of Heat Treatment at 200 Degrees on Shore D Hardness Values of Wood Materials of Some Tropical Tree Species. Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 1(2), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10156516

Issue

Section

Research Articles